Literature And Human Behavior :: essays research papers

Compare and evaluate the ways in which literature on the one hand, and the human sciences on the other may help us to know and understand human behaviour. Literature has been a major part of human culture throughout human existence. It has always been used as a way of defining how humans interact with each other. Literature is defined as ‘the writings of a period, language, or country’. If ancient times are also to be considered, then myths, legends, and theatre, which passed down literary ideas, and social critiques before the time of the written word, should also be included in this definition. The plays of William Shakespeare are a perfect example of pieces of literature that are not only entertaining, literature for literature’s sake, but also provide great insight into human nature. In one form or another, literature is entrenched as an expression of the ways of humanity, and so by absorbing it, one can gain a greater understanding of human behaviour. The human sciences offer a different angle to the understanding of human behaviour as literature does. Literature gives us insight into what is going on inside people’s minds. How someone from a culture that one might not understand, thinks. Many of Shakespeare’s plays are centered around the downfall of a particular character. This downfall arises from within the character, it is the result of a tragic flaw. The human sciences on the other hand, provide information on how humans interact with each other. They often involve social studies in which experiments involving the interactions of humans are observed and recorded. If for example some human scientists performed a particular experiment with enough people, and got a similar result each time, they can conclude that a human being is likely to act in a certain way, given the situation which was in the experiment. In this way human scientists can draw conclusions as to what is a normal reaction for a person to have in a situation, and can describe traits which are almost universal to humans. These human sciences give us a knowledge of the external aspects of human behaviour, which is extremely valuable to have. If for example, a police force wanted to know whether or not a new method they had developed for deterring graffiti artists worked efficiently or not, they might perform a human science experiment, where they secretly test their method on a sample of would-be graffitists.

Instruction on how to Write an Essay (Two Possible Career Choices)

In this assignment, students will analyze two possible career choices of their choosing, and then write a formal analytical report effectively presenting a recommendation to pursue one of the careers. This project has two parts: Part one, the Table of Contents and Introductory Section, is due at the end of week 6. Part two, the report in its entirety, is due at the end of week 8. Students are encouraged to begin work on this project no later than week 5, reading the project directions, reading Chapters 13, 14, and 15, and, if time permits, doing preliminary research.Formal Report Topic This assignment is based on you choosing two possible career choices you would recommend to an employee, client or professional contact. Here’s the situation: You are to choose two possible career choices. Your report should include the following: Information and background about your two career choices. Research from at least six credible sources to inform your audience and to support the recom mendation(s) APA citations for all researched information (in-text parenthetical citations and a reference list at the end of the report) Formal report formattingYou will need to conduct outside research and cite your sources using APA citations. Conclude the formal report by making recommendations to your audience. Your report MUST be formatted as a formal report.Part One (Due Week 6) Table of Contents and Introduction Your assignment this week is to write your formal report’s table of contents and introduction, using formal formatting. To complete this assignment, you will need to have a good plan in place for your formal report. I encourage you to use the three-step process we’ve been studying this session. (The  formal report is due in its entirety at the end of week 8. In week 6, only the table of contents and introduction are due.)In week 6, your assignment should include the following:A table of contents using formal report formatting. (Note that page numbers are not necessary this week, as you will not have written the actual report yet. Page numbers should be added next week, though, when you complete the report.) The table of contents should include first- and second-level headings, like the example on page 437 in chapter 15. Include an introductory section featuring the following four parts (see page 439 in chapter 15 for an example.IntroductionPurpose, Scope, and Limitations Sources and Methods Report Organization Identify at least six credible sources you will use in your proposal in the â€Å"Sources and Methods† section. Use formal report formatting. Be free of grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.Part Two (Due Week 8) Formal Report in Full In week 6, you planned the formal report and wrote the Table of Contents and Introduction. In week 8, you will complete the formal report. (You may need to revise the Table of Contents and Introduction, based on the feedback you receive from your instructor.) In week 8, your assign ment should contain the following:Be formatted as a formal report, following the guidelines for formal reports in the text (including the guidelines for headings and subheadings found on pages 435-448); Include appropriate prefatory, text, and supplemental parts (The formal report should contain appropriate prefatory, text, and supplemental parts, including the following: a cover and/or title page; a letter of transmittal; a table of contents; the four-part Introductory Section from week 6; appropriately labeled body sections; and appendices, such as the client interview and list of references. Your report does not  need to contain all of these parts, but should contain most of them.); Fully answer the question of what career would you recommend to an employee, client or professional contact.The word count for the intro, body, and conclusion should be 1250-1750 words); Use at least six credible researched sources appropriately and effectively; Include proper documentation using AP A style (both in-text and end-of-text citations–please check your work using turnitin.com); and Be free of spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors.Note: Visual aids are entirely appropriate for this kind of report, but they are not required. If you decide to use visual aids, be certain to adhere to the standards we have studied previously in this course.How the Formal Report Assignment is Graded The Formal Report Assignment will be graded according to the criteria set forth in the Rubrics for weeks 6 and 7/8, located in Doc Sharing.

The Second President Of The United States - 953 Words

The third president of the United States, the writer of the Declaration of Independence, the creator of the University of Virginia, and the Statue of Virginia for religious freedom are all terms that have been used to describe one of the most influential and devoted people in American history, Thomas Jefferson. He published many works that expressed his views of how to strengthen government in America and put power in the hands of the citizens (Wagoner, 2004, pg.19). Throughout my learning experience, Jefferson has been one of the three presidents, besides Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln, who I have gained an interest in because of what he accomplished during his presidency and his advocacy for a better system of government in the premature years of the United States. Jefferson is important to American history because he immediately made a huge impact on American society by envisioning the way he wanted to see America operate and what he envisioned is reflected through the lives o f many Americans today including myself. For instance, Jefferson and Education is a book that was focused on his viewpoint of education, while Jefferson and Nature was about nature. During Jefferson’s lifetime, his views on education and nature have influenced the school system and the ways Americans’ rights have been established. Jefferson was born April 13, 1743 and lived until July 4, 1826. Jefferson was the governor of Virginia during the Revolutionary War. As governor of Virginia, he wroteShow MoreRelatedThe Second President Of The United States3344 Words   |  14 PagesThe second president of the United States was easily one of the more educated men of his time, being a controversial lawyer during the time prior to the American Revolution and one of the proponents of a strong central government at the Continental Congress. John Adams was also a man of virtue and knowledge who seemed to maintain a level head in decision making despite open hostility against him during his presidency. The individualism found in American thought is seen in him, and it is his own individualismRead MoreThe Second President Of The United States1311 Words   |  6 PagesLong before he became the third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson had dreamed of sending explorers across North America. When Jefferson took o ffice in 1801, most of the United States population lived within 50 miles of the Atlantic Ocean. Knowledge of the western part of the continent was limited to what had been learned from French traders and fur trappers and Spanish and British explorers. On January 18, 1803, President Jefferson sent a confidential letter to Congress asking forRead MoreThe Second President Of The United States942 Words   |  4 PagesHistory remembers the ones that we hold up for their accomplishments. Thomas Jefferson is one of the American presidents that vastly contributed to the current form of our government. Jefferson, the third President of the United States, primarily remembered for two main achievements; he made the Declaration of Independence and made the Louisiana Purchase possible to Americans. From the fear of losing free Trade and having European Neighbors, Jefferson wanted to purchase the territory of LouisianaRead MoreThomas Jefferson : The Second President Of The United States1458 Wor ds   |  6 Pagesthird president of the United States of American, the second vice president, and one of the Founding Fathers. He was born on April 13, 1743 and Died on July 4th 1826. Thomas Jefferson also signed the U.S Declaration of Independence. Not only did he sign the Declaration of Independence but he was also the Author. The United States was the first country to declare Independence as a colony. He was also one of the most important people of the American Revolution. He was the first secretary of State andRead MoreJohn Adams : The Second President Of The United States1224 Words   |  5 Pages John Adams was known for being the second president of the United States. He was a man of will power and strength that was an advocate of independence from Britain. Adams, along with other supporters of America wrote the Declaration of Independence. He was one of the most influential leaders that America has had. He did anything and everything to break away from Britain and become an independent country. Aside from being of the nation’s greatest leaders he was also a loving husband and a fatherRead MoreThe Second President Of The United States Andrew Jackson1917 Words   |  8 PagesThe seventh president of the United States Andrew Jackson was highly impacted in many ways. Jackson was represented as a villain because of his work against violating rules and hurting many people by his actions on trying to veto the constitution and taking control over the national bank. Also, Jackson was apart of the Trail of Tears because of many Indians being migrated to the west and he igno red the Supreme Court. Jackson viewed himself as a hero for multiple reasons. He became more beneficialRead MoreAndrew Jackson : The Second President Of The United States1580 Words   |  7 PagesAndrew Jackson, more commonly known as the seventh president of the United States, was a symbolic figure of the democratic advances of his time (1767 – 1845). He was also able to strengthen the power of presidential office in America. His journey to these accomplishments was not always easy but he was still a strong enough man to make them happen. Andrew Jackson was born March 15, 1767, in a settlement called Waxhaw. This settlement was made up of Scotch-Irish immigrants and located in along theRead MoreThomas Jefferson And The Second President Of The United States1538 Words   |  7 PagesAs the third President of the United States of America, the author of the Declaration of Independence, founder of the University of Virginia and a founding father of our great nation, Thomas Jefferson had a lasting impact on the way we live our lives today in our great nation. Jefferson throughout his life was known to keep his religious views to himself even once said â€Å"Say nothing of my religion. It is known to God and myself alone.† (Ragosta 7). Jefferson held this belief firm throughout his lifeRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The Second President Of The United States Of America1656 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Jefferson, writer of the Declaration of Independence and the third president of the United States of Ame rica, was born on April 13, 1743. The future president was born to the parents of Peter Jefferson, a well-known and successful planter, and Jane Randolph, a prominent member of a very well-known and distinguished Virginian family. Jefferson was the third of ten children who were raised on the Shadwell slave plantation in Virginia. Starting from the early age of nine, Thomas Jefferson beganRead MoreAndrew Jackson : The Second President Of The United States Of America1733 Words   |  7 Pages Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States of America, brave, tough, and mean as a snake but how did he get that way? He was born in South Carolina to his newly emigrated family. His father died soon after he was born, so his mother raised three kids by herself and some Irish immigrant farmers. When he was thirteen he and his brothers joined the Revolutionary war to fight the British. His oldest brother died in battle, but Jackson and his other brother were captured. Jackson

The Female Chauvinist Pig By Ariel Levy - 958 Words

Ariel Levy explores a wide-spread set of unexamined ideas of the females of todays society, specifically the female chauvinist pigs. In order to analyze the female chauvinist pig Levy takes a look at several women of todays society and how these women live their lives and in particular, looking at how these women have succeeded in their lives and career paths by adjusting their appearances to basically come off to others as being a man trapped inside a woman’s body. Levy discusses how women have learned to embrace characteristics that would usually be stereotyped as male personality characteristics in order for them succeed in their life. She does so by taking real life examples from several types of pop culture, such as The Howard Stern Show, The Man Show, and Playboy, in which the female chauvinist pigs exist and how, within these structures, are gaining momentum and popularity. The concept that Levy proposes of the female chauvinist pig grabs your attention and doesn’t surrender it. It seems to be that Levy has drawn back a giant jalousie that has hidden the truth of the ways in which numbers of incredibly intelligent and talented women have made their presence known in the world by being labeled as a â€Å"female chauvinist pig.† This piece by Levy is important not only for what it says about the movement she described but also because she actually says it. Females have taken the stereotypical male personalities, put them behind lip-sticked mouths, and have gained popularityShow MoreRelatedFemale Chauvinist Pigs By Ariel Levy1007 Words   |  5 PagesIn female chauvinist pigs written by Ariel levy. She explains the idea of women who are called female chauvinist pigs and the rise of raunch culture. And there is no denying that raunch is everywhere in our culture today. We live in an era where â€Å"the American mass culture has framed the game so perversely that young women now strive to be the â€Å"hottest† and â€Å"sexiest† girl they know rather than the most accomplished†. In this essay, Ariel levy talks about the raunch culture of today’s world whereRead MoreFemale Chauvinist Pigs By Ariel Levy1815 Words   |  8 PagesWomen today believe that being raunchy or acting like the men would benefit them in this society. In Ariel Levy’s essay â€Å"Female Chauvinist Pigs† She explains the different points of view as to how women feel empowered by raunch culture. She includes that there is not a certain way a male or female should act. It is how the society perceives the different sex in this current society. There are some women that believe that sex sells, that women should fit in or act like one of the guys, and othersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Female Chauvinist Pigs By Ariel Levy1260 Words   |  6 PagesHow Labeling Can Leads to Oppression The American patriarchal society has set standards for what it means to be a man or a woman. In an excerpt from Ariel Levy’s book entitled Female Chauvinist Pigs, she argues that some women are attaining success in a male-dominated society by taking on what is perceived as â€Å"male† behavior as she highlights the increased participation of women in â€Å"raunch culture.† Raunch culture seems to be appealing to some women because they are able to use it for self-advancementRead MoreFemale Chauvinist Pigs : Women And The Rise Of Raunch Culture2004 Words   |  9 Pagesadvertisements, social media posts and much more can all be targeted as sexy because like people say sex sells in todays world. In Ariel Levy’s book, â€Å"Female Chauvinist Pigs: Women and the Rise of Raunch Culture† in one of the main chapters â€Å"Female Chauvinist Pigs† she explores various perspectives associating with the differences between â€Å"female feminism† vs â€Å"female exploitation†. Levy discusses raunch culture and the irony in the actions women take to show their freedom, as they began to become more comfortableRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Female Chauvinist Pig Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesEssay One: Gender Stereotyping Ariel Levy, a staff writer at the New Yorker, and author of the article â€Å"Female Chauvinist Pig† has brought up a very interesting topic about Raunch Culture. Now, what particularly is raunch culture? Raunch culture, in my own words, I can say is defined as a culture which allows a woman to participate in male-dominant cultures of raunch that deals a lot with sex in a way that is meant to be funny. Women who participate in this culture have to reject some of the thingsRead MoreFemale Chauvinist Pigs : Women And The Rise Of Raunch Culture1671 Words   |  7 Pagesthe book Female Chauvinist Pigs: Women and the Rise of Raunch Culture ch.6 shopping for sex by Ariel Levy, critiques the highly sexualized American culture in which women are objectified, objectify one another, and are encouraged to objectify themselves. Levy refers to this as raunch culture. There is no denying that raunch culture is everywhere today. Music videos, advertisements and even children products are mo re often targeted as ‘sexy’ because, let’s face it, sex sells. Ariel Levy exploresRead MoreFourth Wave Feminism1572 Words   |  7 Pagesepitome of patriarchal ideals for women. Ariel Levy argues in her novel Women and the Rise of Raunch Culture that everywhere she turns, she sees this type of behavior being promoted in the media. Levy says that she â€Å"...would turn on the television and find strippers in pasties. [She] would flip the channel and see babes in tight, tiny uniforms bouncing up and down on trampolines. Britney Spears was becoming increasingly popular and increasingly unclothed† (87). Levy says that society justifies portrayingRead MoreThe Hypersexualization of Young Women and the Role Models of the Wave of Feminism1722 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, Ariel Levy would say that this is anti-feminist. Her book on Female Chauvinist Pigs (FCP’s) states that girls who mimic stereotypical male behavior by being raunchy and hyper sexualized are instead hurting the women’s movement, and even change men’s views on women to that of something even worse. She states that â€Å"†¦ the Female Chauvinist Pig (FCP) has risen to a kind of exalted status. She is post-feminist. She is funny. She gets it. She doesn’t mind cartoonish stereotypes of female sexualityRead MoreEs say on Female Chauvinist Pigs903 Words   |  4 PagesIn Female Chauvinist Pigs, Ariel Levy attempts to reconcile her personal views of feminism with its portrayal in popular culture. In order to challenge what she sees as a co-opted version of feminism, Levy raises the question of authenticity of â€Å"sex-positive feminism† (Levy, 63) on two levels: by â€Å"selling out† in terms of the body and in terms of our patriarchal culture. In order to restore a binary relationship between feminism and non-feminism, Levy recasts this sex positive feminism as a new formRead MoreFemales who are over-sexualized often seek attention and acceptance. Raunch is less about female500 Words   |  2 PagesFemales who are over-sexualized often seek attention and acceptance. Raunch is less about female sexual liberation but instead it is fulfilling the male fantasy of unlimited female availability contributing to the stereotypes of gender roles. Raunch Culture is often seen in movies, various forms of advertisements, and through female celebrities. For example, young girls are influenced by Disney’s hidden sexual messages. This creates a negative image by making it acceptable to objectify women. Through

My Senior Season Of High School Track - 1590 Words

Born to Lose As I waited in the blocks I heard the commentator once again, â€Å"In lane four from Nebraska City and the fastest time in prelims, Stephen Conner!† As I stepped into the blocks, I tried to drown everything out while waiting for the starter’s cadence. â€Å"Runners to your mark. Get set. Bang!† My senior season of high school track was supposed to be the year I would win state in the 100 meter dash. It was expected of me by others, and I was requiring it of myself. At the time, I thought it was my destiny to become a state champion. Little did I know, my destiny was actually to fail, and through that failure would come one of my most memorable life lessons. Track and field is an individual sport. Being from a small high school in†¦show more content†¦My coach, a very energetic person, told me the same thing all season long. â€Å"You may not be fast enough to win state now, but just wait until your senior year!† Little did I know, he was absolutely right. Once my senior season rolled around, I was zoned in. The first three years of high school were full of hard work and perseverance, and the time had finally come to make it happen. Between the 100 and 200 meter dashes, I had won every single race leading up to state, with the exception of one second place f inish in the 200 meter dash. Every night, I laid awake in bed thinking of the state meet. Every detail was thoroughly planned out in my head. The key to winning in the sprints is getting a good start out of the blocks. I was going to explode out so hard that people were gonna think I had jet fuel in my shoes. In sprinting, a good start will set a runner up in a position to run as smooth as possible. My start was going to carry me to that perfect position, and I was going to glide across that finish line faster than anyone in the state. As the season progressed, I had won conference and districts, and I was expected to win state. Leaving home, I still had no idea how much the next two days were going to change my life. The destination for state track is always at Omaha Burke High School, which is about a one hour drive from my hometown. The

Where I Was From An Exploration of Joan Didion’s Personal and Social Unrest Free Essays

Where I Was From is a cultured collection of essays written in 2003. To be able to fully understand the intricate notions woven in the book, there is a need to comprehend the creator’s style and background, for the readers to visualize where all the viewpoints and misapprehensions come from. Joan Didion, the creator behind this politically, socially and emotionally linked memoir is a renowned American journalist, essayist, and novelist. We will write a custom essay sample on Where I Was From: An Exploration of Joan Didion’s Personal and Social Unrest or any similar topic only for you Order Now Much of her works relates to her life in California, her hometown, mostly during the 1960’s. She is commended for her style in writing mixed personal reflections and social analyses. She writes about paranoia, clear-eyed analyses of the American culture, and personal and social discontent. She was known to be a conservative writer during her early years, but later adapted to the liberal tenets of democracy. She had written five novles, eight nonfiction including Where I come From, and also had collaborations with her husband, John Gregory Dunne, in writing a number of screenplays (Encyclopedia of World Biography on Joan Didion, n. . , p. 1). Where I Was From centers about the history of California, and Joan Didion’s relationship to it and to her mother. Noticeably, she loves the use of commas and lengthy sentences to highlight her narration. Her tune seems melancholic, expressing her confusions about the place, and the way in which she grew up. She feels that there is a sense of perplexity on which she has become. Thus, she contemplated on the American frontier myth, which refers to the unresolved land outside the region of existing settlements of Americans. The American Frontier is a ‘mythical place’ where unrestrained free land was available, resulting to unlimited opportunity (Eidenbach, 2008, p. 99). Where I Was From 3 She also pinpointed the ferocity of a group of popular white high school men, referred to as the Spur Posse incident of 1993. They used a ‘point-system’ record to account for their sexual conquests (Fineman, 1997, p. 177). In addition, when the industry about aircrafts and defense weaponries during the World War II flourished, the people from Lakewood, Califfornia, did as well. Later on, it turned out that the industry was built with the Feds support. Dismally, when that support was withdrawn, the industry doomed. These facts are just some of the historical context implicated in the book (Godbersen, 2003, p. 1). Based on my understanding, Joan Didion uses this as a metaphor in comparison with her life, and generally the rustic myth of California’s origins. What is seen and observed literally does not depict the real circumstances being dealt upon. The veneer of life’s misapprehensions cannot be uncovered by the present analysis itself, for circumstances are intertwined and indeed perplexing to the mind. She compares it with her life, believing she had known herself and her history for so long, only to find out that her viewpoints are inadequate to portray the truth. Joan Didion’s work is so complex in it entirety, it was rich with personal experiences and historical context throughout each essay. Some facts were even misleading to the querying mind. Nevertheless, they are still all intertwined with each other, somehow. It is difficult to summarize such an intricate work, but she retaliates to her readers with an overall realization, that is, the culture that we see today is a direct consequence of a population of survivalists. References Eidenbach, K. (2008). Critical Legal Studies and the Lawless Frontier. Retrieved November 4, 2008, from: http://www.thecritui.com/articles/kirstin.pdf Encyclopedia of World Biography on Joan Didion. (n.d.). Retrieved November 4, 2008, from:Â  http://www.bookrags.com/biography/joan-didion/ Fineman, M., McCluskey, M. (October 1, 1997). Feminism, Media, and the Law. Retrieved November 4, 2008, from: http://books. google.com/books?id=H2hRAVkc0nMCpg=PA178lpg=PA178dq=spur+posse+incidentsource=blots=gWgOvMmeXqsig=SSExAlIv4BXGJjruegEXXG-uRkIhl=ensa=Xoi=book_resultresnum=1ct=result#PPA177,M1 Godbersen, A. (October 15, 2003). California story. Retrieved November 4, 2008, from: http://www.powells.com/review/2003_10_15.html How to cite Where I Was From: An Exploration of Joan Didion’s Personal and Social Unrest, Papers

Change Management Effective Implementation

Question: Discuss about the Change Management for Effective Implementation. Answer: Introduction: The workplace has undergone vast changes in the last decade or so. To begin with, there has been a sea change in the notion of an employee or worker as the organisations have reduced their full time employees and increased dependence on casual workers who tend to work on contractual basis. Further, there is a change in the composition of the workplace which has become increasingly diverse in terms of gender, generations, ethnicity, religious beliefs and even sexual orientation (Biro, 2015). The business environment has become exceedingly dynamic which is also reflected in the workplace becoming increasingly flexible. Technology has revolutionised the workplace giving it a digitalised makeup which has brought a fundamental alteration in the employee engagement process. The degree of automation observed at workplace has undergone a humongous leap forward with laptops and other programmable devices forming the mainstay of about every office (Colbert, Yee and George, 2016). Besides, the formality levels in the workplace have reduced due to the changing mix of employees and higher representation of younger generations who prefer to be more informal than their predecessors. Additionally, with the greater representation of young generations, the expectations from workplace have fundamentally altered resulted in a enhancement of overall dynamism. The employees are provided higher flexibility which enables them to maintain their work life balance and ensure that work is not impacted even in adverse situations (PwC, 2014). There has been a proliferation of the applicable workplace laws dealing with employee safety, anti-discrimination, pay and employment terms, prevention of harassment at workplace along with employment benefits. Further, empowered by technology, the workplaces have become increasingly globalised as the team members tend to be spread across the globe without facing any issues. Also, there is an increased focus in the workplace to reduce the a ssociated environmental impact and the underlying cost so as to become more cost competitive and sustainable (Miller, 2014). Implications for workers managers The profound changes in the workplace that have been outlined above have significant implications for both managers and employees. For the organisations and the managers, there are concerns of commitment and loyalty as the incidence of full time employment is on the decline. Loyalty essentially may be defined as a sense of attached to a particular employer which employee also find lacking as they are simultaneously engaged with multiple employers and essentially find time management to be the new challenge. For the managers, managing this part time workforce is a major challenge as commitment seems to be sacking from both parties involved. Also, the full time employees are becoming more demanding in terms of job satisfaction which essentially refers to the sense of fulfilment which an employee expects from the job (PwC, 2014). However, the single largest challenge for the modern workplace managers is to manage change in the organisation as employees tend to resist these changes. Therefore, the manager needs to have the requisite skillset to overcome the resistance on the part of the employees while ensuring that their morale is not adversely impacted (McCalman, Pathon and Siebert, 2015). In such a dynamic work environment there is constant insecurity for the employees as job losses have become too common especially as casual labour become increasingly common. This raises another challenge for the managers with regards to keeping the employees motivated through the use of various incentives and rewards while ensuring the employee cost is minimised. Motivation refers to the cause which prompts the given individual to act in a manner they do. The challenge is especially formidable for contractual employees who are constantly living this fear as to whether their contract would be renewed or not (Biro, 2015). The high amount of flexibility and use of technology have paved way to concerns regarding security and privacy. This is especially in the age when social networking has crossed the realm of professional communications as well. It is imperative to maintain a fine balance between two. Further, communication in virtual teams is a rising challenge for the managers as the project teams increasingly comprise members providing support from remote locations (Przybylski and Weinstein, 2013). Besides, in wake of rapid technological changes, it is essential that managers need to ensure that regular training sessions are provided to employees so that they remain productive. Thus, managers clear a difficult environment where the investment on employees is increasing but their tenure with the organisation is decreasing which needs to be curtailed (Colbert, Yee and George, 2016). Conclusion Way Forward As a manager, it is imperative to embrace change as a continued existence strategy and gain expertise in the change management skills (McCalman, Pathon and Siebert, 2015). Further, with the various technological developments happening at breakneck speed, it is essential that the manager needs to stay updated with relevant developments. Also, it is imperative for the manager to have exceptional communication skills for management the teams as open communication is pivotal ingredient for success in this new workplace (Colbert, Yee and George, 2016). With regards to choosing the appropriate organisational communication techniques, a manager should consider the available alternatives and make choices which are congruent with the situation at hand (Biro, 2015). Besides, it is pivotal for the manager to develop a bond with the employees so as to enhance the overall commitment and loyalty towards the organisation. In order to ensure high motivation level amongst employees, it is essential to understand their individual employees so as based on the underlying needs, requisite motivation strategy may be deployed. Also, the manager must have a sound understanding of the business and the direction in which it is proceeding especially in a dynamic environment when the focus of the company tends to be dynamic (PwC, 2014). Also, it is essential the superior risk management tools should be used particularly with technology as an enabler. Additionally, in this environment when the business values and ethics may be easily compromised by the employees, it is essential for the managers to emphasize the same in the behaviour of the co-workers and subordinates (Biro, 2015). Moreover, the managers are also expected to be innovative in their approach towards dealing various problems which tend to arise in the wake of complex decision making in the backdrop of an uncertain environment where adaptability is paramount (Van Knippenberg et. al., 2015). References Biro, M. 2015, The Future Of Work Is Here: Are Your Managers Prepared?, Talent Culture, [Online] Available at https://www.talentculture.com/the-future-of-work-is-here-are-your-managers-prepared/ [Accessed March 20, 2017] Colbert, A, Yee, N and George, G 2016, The digital workforce and the workplace of the future, Academy of Management Journal. 59(3), pp.731-739 McCalman, J, Pathon, RA and Siebert, S 2015,Change Management: A Guide to Effective Implementation, 4th edn. London: SAGE Miller, NG 2014, Workplace trends in office space: implications for future office demand,Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 16(3), pp. 159-181 PwC 2014, Millennials at Work, Price WaterHouse Coopers, [Online] Available at https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/managing-tomorrows-people/future-of-work/assets/reshaping-the-workplace.pdf [Accessed March 20, 2017] Przybylski AK and Weinstein N 2013, Can you connect with me now? How the presence of mobile communication technology influences face-to-face communication quality, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30(1), pp. 237246. van Knippenberg, D, Dahlander, L, Haas, M, George, G 2015, Information, attention, and decision-making. Academy of Management Journal, 58(2), pp. 649657